This session shows how users can start auto-read on the Focus Braille display with JAWS, adjust reading speed, and activate a full-read mode with ER + Space, even though many believed this feature did not exist. This video demonstrates the feature in action and explains how it works along with other useful commands. These commands allow you to fully control your computer exclusively using the Focus 40 or 80 Braille display-See video below
Use the modifier keys to simulate key combinations (keystrokes) that include CTRL, ALT, WINDOWS Key, SHIFT, or the JAWS Key (INSERT). To use these modifiers for the Focus Braille Display when typing a keystroke, do the following:
Hold down DOT 8 CHORD and then press the corresponding modifier keys in the keystroke. Modifier keystrokes are listed in the following table.
After you create the modifier portion of the keystroke, release the keys and press the remaining part of the keystroke. For example, to perform the keystroke CTRL+SHIFT+V, you press DOTS 3-7-8 CHORD, release the keys, and then press V (DOTS 1-2-3-6).
Focus Display combo Commands
Modifier Keys
Key Name
Keystroke
Function Keys (F1 through F12) For more information, see the Function Keys description.
DOT 1
INSERT
DOT 2 8 space
CTRL
DOT 3 8 space
WINDOWS Key
DOT 4 8 space
JAWS Key
DOT 5 8 space
ALT
DOT 6 8 space
SHIFT
DOT 7 8 space
APPLICATION Key
RIGHT SHIFT+DOT 2 CHORD
TAB
DOTS 4-5 CHORD
SHIFT+TAB
B CHORD
HOME
K CHORD
END
DOTS 4-6 CHORD
Select Prior Line
DOTS 1-7 CHORD
Select Next Line
DOTS 4-7 CHORD
Select to End of Line
DOTS 4-6-7 CHORD or 4,7, space
ESC
RIGHT SHIFT+DOT 1 or Z CHORD
DELETE
FOR CHORD
Select word
5,7, space
Selection Commands
Description
Braille Sign
Braille Dot Patterns
Select Next Character
LEFT SHIFT+DOT 6
LEFT SHIFT+DOT 6
Select Prior Character
LEFT SHIFT+DOT 3
LEFT SHIFT+DOT 3
Select Next Line
LEFT SHIFT+DOT 4
LEFT SHIFT+DOT 4
Select Prior Line
LEFT SHIFT+DOT 1
LEFT SHIFT+DOT 1
Select to End of Line
LEFT SHIFT+DOT 5
LEFT SHIFT+DOT 5
Select from Start of Line
LEFT SHIFT+DOT 2
LEFT SHIFT+DOT 2
Select from Top
LEFT SHIFT+L
LEFT SHIFT+DOTS 1-2-3
Select to Bottom
LEFT SHIFT+DOTS 4-5-6
LEFT SHIFT+DOTS 4-5-6
Select Next Screen
LEFT SHIFT+DOTS 4-6
LEFT SHIFT+DOTS 4-6
Select Prior Screen
LEFT SHIFT+K
LEFT SHIFT+DOTS 1-3
Select All
LEFT SHIFT+FOR Sign
LEFT SHIFT+DOTS 1-2-3-4-5-6
Select a Frame
RIGHT SHIFT+9
RIGHT SHIFT+DOTS 3-5
Select a Heading
RIGHT SHIFT+6
RIGHT SHIFT+DOTS 2-3-5
Select a Link
RIGHT SHIFT+7
RIGHT SHIFT+DOTS 2-3-5-6
Windows Commands
Description
Braille Sign
DOTS Pattern
ALT+TAB
LEFT SHIFT+DOTS 4-5
LEFT SHIFT+DOTS 4-5
Paste from Clipboard
LEFT SHIFT+V
LEFT SHIFT+DOTS 1-2-3-6
Copy to Clipboard
LEFT SHIFT+C
LEFT SHIFT+DOTS 1-4
Cut to Clipboard
LEFT SHIFT+X
LEFT SHIFT+DOTS 1-3-4-6
Undo
LEFT SHIFT+Z
LEFT SHIFT+DOTS 1-3-5-6
Delete
LEFT SHIFT+D
LEFT SHIFT+DOTS 1-4-5
Table of Multi-Control Functions
Function
Command
Toggle Auto Advance Mode or auto read
LEFT SELECT+RIGHT SELECT to start and stop down arrow – er+space is read all – if you want to auto read and hear words then down arrow and speed up as you want
Decrease Auto Advance Speed
LEFT SELECT
Increase Auto Advance Speed
RIGHT SELECT
Left Mouse Click
PANNING BUTTON+CURSOR ROUTING BUTTON or PANNING ROCKER UP+CURSOR ROUTING BUTTON or PANNING ROCKER DOWN+CURSOR ROUTING BUTTON
Control+Left Mouse Click
ROUTING BUTTON CHORD
Page Down
LEFT or RIGHT SELECT+ROCKER DOWN
Page Up
LEFT or RIGHT SELECT+ROCKER UP
Top of File
LEFT PANNING BUTTON+SELECT BUTTON or SELECT BUTTON+PANNING ROCKER UP
Bottom of File
RIGHT PANNING BUTTON+SELECT BUTTON or SELECT BUTTON+PANNING ROCKER DOWN
End
PANNING BUTTON+ROCKER BAR DOWN
Home
PANNING BUTTON+ROCKER BAR UP
Next Line
ROCKER BAR DOWN
Prior Line
ROCKER BAR UP
Pan Left
LEFT PANNING BUTTON or LEFT PANNING ROCKER UP
Pan Right
RIGHT PANNING BUTTON or RIGHT PANNING ROCKER UP
Select Text
RIGHT SELECT BUTTON+CURSOR ROUTING BUTTON
Select Block
SELECT BUTTON+CURSOR ROUTING BUTTON at beginning of block; repeat at end of block
Examples to show you how it all goes together:
restart jaws 2,8,space space, 1,8,space d
Windows search box with– right shift, 4
alt tab is 6,8, space then 4,5 space—or right shift 4 5
F6, space/1-8 f
Ctrl tab – 3 8 space the tab with 4,5 space
alt f4 – 1 6 8 space then d
read all, space/1-2-4-5-6, ER cord
say title of window – right shift/dots 1-2
Say time– right shift/dots1-2-3
read all — er chord
refresh screen -right shift z
in drive get contractions off and cursor off
Then –insert z cursor off-2,8,space then z
Or do slash for search—contractions off with g,7,space then dots 3,4
hush up jaws—3,8, space
HOME- K CHORD
END-DOTS 4-6 CHORD
PAGE UP-LEFT SHIFT+ROCKER BAR UP or RIGHT SHIFT+ROCKER BAR UP or DOTS 2-3-7 CHORD
PAGE DOWN-LEFT SHIFT+ROCKER BAR DOWN or RIGHT SHIFT+ROCKER BAR DOWN or DOTS 5-6-7 CHORD
DELETE–FOR CHORD as in 1,2,3,4,5,6 and space –the word chord is the language I grew up with, they made it space a couple decades ago as new people did not get term “chord”
Commands to get you going on Understanding more skills
esc is right shift dot 1
alt right shift dot 2 is
right click right shift dot 3
Windows search box with right shift+4
right shift dot 5 is window list
left shift 1 – select line
left shift 3 – select character
dot 6 8 space then d to URL
3 8 space that opens new tab
dot 3 8 space the tab with 4,5 space
alt tab is 6,8, space then 4,5 space
PC cursor is p space
taskbar is 4,8,6 then t
alt f4 – right shift dot then 1 6 8 space then d for do
F6, space/1-8 then f
read all, space/1-2-4-5-6, ER cord
Went over, say title of window using the Focus, right shift/dots 1-2
Space 4 8 to desktop
Say time with the Focus, right shift/dots1-2-3
say time with right shift 1 2 3
right shift z refresh screen
er chord is read all
8 4 space then t to taskbar
8 4 space then d to desktop
title with space/8-5 followed by T, but the shift/1-2 is just so much nicer.
To configure the Focus Braille Display SD card and Scratchpad, allowing you to copy files to and from the Micro SD card, make sure the unit is powered off and the supplied USB cable is connected to your PC. Next, press and hold the Left Panning button while simultaneously inserting the USB cable. The display powers on and the PC recognizes the Focus as a removable USB drive.
Note: If you use a screen reader such as JAWS over USB, it is recommended that you turn on speech or use a Bluetooth connection as braille will currently not work over USB when the Focus is being used as a storage device. You will also not be able to use the Scratchpad while in this mode.
Create .brf or .brl files in Braille Blaster or Duxbury or other braille translation APPs
Create .txt files in WORD, WordPad or another Braille editor
To transfer BRF and TXT files to the Micro SD card:
On the PC, open the folder containing the files you want to copy, select the files you want, and then press CTRL+C. This is key step when managing the Focus Braille Display SD card and Scratchpad option.
Windows E to file explorer and navigate to and open the USB drive to display the contents of the Micro SD card in navigation pane.
Open FSI, Focus5, Scratchpad, and then open the folder where you want to place the files and press CTRL+V. Files you want to edit should be placed into the Notes folder. Files placed into the Books folder cannot be modified.
To transfer TXT files created in Scratchpad:
Navigate to and open the USB drive to display the contents of the Micro SD card. Under This PC and navigation pane typically
Open FSI, Focus5, Scratchpad, Notes, and then select the TXT files you want to copy and press CTRL+C.
Navigate to the folder on your PC where you want to place the files and press CTRL+V. You can now use Notepad or another text editor to access these files.
Once you have finished transferring files, press the APPLICATIONS key on your computer while focused on the USB drive, and choose Eject. Power the Focus off and back on and you will once again be able to use the Scratchpad as well as receive braille output from your screen reader over USB.
Press right shift + x to close current file if u make changes it will prompt you to save or discard so you can use cursor router button or dot 8 to navigate thru options
If you want to temporarily leave the scratchpad in the background and resume connection to computer do menu +B (space + dot 1,2)
Get out of file by pressing menu and it pops to file menu and rocker down to file, open, etc. and enter on choice
Rocker down to open or what you want
Select folder-I save most books in books so I open that with enter
Rocker down to file you want to open
To edit and type in the Scratchpad of a Focus Braille Display (like the Focus 40 Blue), you’ll be using its onboard notepad feature. This is a standalone function that lets you jot down notes directly on the device without needing a connected screen reader. Here’s how to navigate and use it:
Accessing and Using the Scratchpad
Enter Scratchpad Mode
Press Menu button (in center of dots 1 and 4) and rocker down until you reach Scratchpad or N+Menu for new file and enter for options-fastest but sometimes does not work so go Menu option rocker down
Press a cursor router button above the word “Scratchpad” to select it or enter to open.
Brailling and Editing
Use Braille input keys to type your content.
Use cursor router buttons to move the cursor to specific characters.
Use DOTS 7 + character to delete backward.
Use DOTS 8 to insert a new line or confirm actions.
Save Your Work
After brailling what you want just right shift + X and enter and it will prompt you to save.
Exit Scratchpad
Right Shift + X
Connect to computer will be B space to switch back and forth between your Notes folder with file to type in info and your computer. See video
Tips for Efficient Use
You can transfer Scratchpad files to a PC via USB or SD card in reader on your PC.
Scratchpad supports BRF and TXT formats, ensuring that the Focus Braille Display and SD card work harmoniously.
Tips & Limitations
Only plain text (.TXT) files are editable in NOTES folder
Files transferred from PC must be in UTF-8 or ASCII format which is .txt as it takes all format out
Learning how to teach or learn Nemeth math using assistive technology can seem challenging, but with the right tools and approach, it becomes manageable and effective. Whether you’re a parent helping your child, an educator supporting students, or an independent learner, using a Focus 40 Braille Display and JAWS screen reader provides an accessible way to master Nemeth code. In this guide, I will walk you through setting up your technology and using the Braille Math Editor to confidently teach and learn math concepts from basic arithmetic to advanced algebra. Let’s simplify the process and enhance your skills.
Setup Nemeth with JAWS
Start by setting JAWS to the proper Nemeth settings. Access the JAWS Settings Center with Insert + 6 then Control+Shift+D to set default: type “Braille m” in the search box. Navigate to “Braille Mode” and make sure you hear “Structured” mode, ensuring that both the active cursor and Braille cursor follow each other. This will allow you to track what the student is doing on their display.
Alt + F to language profiles, and alt + D to details. Once open Alt + M to math options and up arrow to Nemeth if it is not selected. This will ensure that math expressions are correctly read and displayed in Nemeth Braille. Enter to close, Alt + A to apply and enter to close.
Teach or learn Nemeth JAWS, braille display and BME
Using the Braille Math Editor is key to teaching and learning math effectively. Type out equations like “1+2=3” or more complex algebraic expressions, and feel the Braille output directly on your Braille display. Correct mistakes quickly using the Braille display and JAWS auditory feedback, making it easy to follow along. Use the Braille Viewer to see it visually and compare with the Braille Display by opening JAWS context menu, go to Utilities and Braille Viewer to turn it on.
This step-by-step approach works for basic arithmetic to complex math such as algebra, Trigonometry, calculus and beyond. Both the Braille Math Editor and Word Math Editor can help you visualize and interact with Nemeth code to easily learn it and/or teach others. Practice consistently to improve your tactile reading skills and build confidence in math.
By following this guide, you’ll gain the tools to teach and learn Nemeth math efficiently, whether for yourself or for your students.
In this lesson, you’ll learn how to teach and practice Unified English Braille (UEB) math using a Focus or Brailliant Braille display with JAWS. Start by setting up the correct Braille settings in JAWS, ensuring your Braille display and cursor follow each other for accurate feedback. Adjust your language profiles and choose UEB Grade 2 for output and input. Navigate through basic arithmetic and algebra problems using JAWS’ Braille Math Editor, making corrections easily. This step-by-step method will help both new and experienced teachers guide students in learning UEB math effectively.
First, set up JAWS properly by accessing the JAWS Settings Center Insert + 6 followed by (Ctrl+Shift+D) to set default. Type out and Navigate to “Braille mode” and ensure your display is set to “Structured” mode. Enable the settings that allow the active cursor to follow the Braille display and vice versa. This ensures that wherever your student is on the screen, you can follow along on your display. Turn on the Braille Viewer also to see the braille at the top of your monitor if you have sight.
Next, Alt + F to Language profiles then Alt + D to details and open and confirm UEB Grade 2 and Unicode by default. You can continue to Tab or Alt + M for math and select the UEB Math option in JAWS settings. Enter to close then Alt A to apply and enter to close. You are ready to go.
Practice using the Braille Math Editor
For practicing, you’ll use JAWS Braille Math Editor to create and edit math expressions as 1 option. Other options are WORD Math editor and LaTex as another as you become more advanced. Start with basic arithmetic, typing out equations such as “1+2=3,” and use the Braille display to feel the corresponding Braille output. This method works for both teaching and self-learning. As you advance to algebra, geometry, Trigonometry and calculus, use the WORD Math editor or Braille Math Editor to navigate complex equations. The editor allows easy error correction, reinforcing concepts as students work through problems.
Teach Math with Jaws and braille display-Basic to advanced math formulas
This method also helps auditory learners who can listen to JAWS while simultaneously feeling the Braille on the display. Practicing consistently with both the Braille Math Editor and JAWS will solidify UEB math skills and improve teaching efficacy.
Learning Spanish Braille involves understanding the unique characteristics of the Braille system used for the Spanish language. Then build on the foundational skills of Braille reading and writing. Here’s how to approach it:
1. Understand the Braille Alphabet in Spanish
Spanish Braille follows the same 6-dot system as English Braille.
Extra characters are included to represent letters with accents and special characters used in Spanish.
Key additions include:
Ñ: Represented by a unique Braille symbol.
Accented vowels: Á, É, Í, Ó, Ú have distinct Braille symbols.
Punctuation: Spanish uses inverted question marks (¿) and exclamation marks (¡), and these have their own symbols in Spanish Braille.
2. Start with the Basics
– Begin by learning the standard Braille alphabet for unaccented letters, numbers, and common punctuation marks.
– Practice reading and writing these basic symbols to build fluency.
3. Familiarize Yourself with the Extra Characters
– Learn the Braille symbols for accented vowels (á, é, í, ó, ú) and ñ.
– Read and practice with materials specifically written in Spanish Braille to develop fluency.
– You can find books, articles, or educational materials written in Spanish Braille to improve your reading skills online.
5. Engage with Digital Tools
– Tools like Braille displays and screen readers can be set to Spanish to help reinforce learning. See below list of all Spanish symbols
– Software like JAWS or NVDA can be configured to support Braille output in Spanish. This allows for real-time practice with written content.
6. Practice Writing Spanish Braille
– Use a Braille writer to practice writing in Spanish Braille. Focus on mastering punctuation and special characters.
– The fastest and easiest to edit option will be to practice typing or brailling on a display. The FOCUS 40 Braille Display or Brailliant Braille Display to write out Spanish words and sentences.
7. Learn through Immersive Activities
– Reinforce learning, engage in practical activities like labeling objects in Spanish Braille. Work with bilingual Braille texts (Spanish and English).
8. Find a Teacher or Tutor
– If possible, work with an instructor who is fluent in Spanish Braille and the language. They can guide you through the nuances of the language and provide feedback on your progress.
– Organizations specializing in Braille education, like TechVision, can help offer resources or tutors for Spanish Braille.
8. Go to a Spanish Speaking Country
-Totally immerse yourself within a culture that will speak the language you want to learn well.
Spanish-Española Symbols
Spanish-Española 1. Jaws settings: Set up braille profile – insert 6 (ctrl shift D) for default. After completing the steps, open settings again to ensure they apply only to Word settings. Next, type “braille mode” twice, press F6, and use Alt+G to access languages and set your preferences. For those requiring a Spanish Braille display or keyboard, ensure your device is compatible with your software settings. More Video lessons can help.
This lesson is Spain (international) Input and Output are Spanish Grade 1
2. Tab to profile languages and set those up and enter to close Jaws settings
3. Alt 8 to make sure dots 7,8 show on display-accept and close settings
1. Set up Voice profile in Jaws-open context menu, options, voices, add a profile
1. In Word-change voice quickly: 2 options: on keyboard- ctrl shift window L to change profile or on Focus -2,3,4,5,7, space to change languages)
2. Insert+ctrl+S to change to Spanish profile or to other language
3. G+7+space on Focus to computer braille (which will output Spanish grade 1)– capital is dot 7 under capital letter on display
For Braille with Braille Display on Computer
Práctica:
á 1,2,3,5,6
é 2,3,4,6
í 3,4
ó 3,4,6
ú 2,3,4,5,6
ü 1,2,5,6,8
ñ 1,2,4,5,6, 8
Punctuation for Spanish Braille using Braille Display
! 2,3,5, 7 is exclamation mark
inverted ! is 2,3,5, 7, 8 is upside down exclamation mark
Period is . is dot 3
Comma is , is dot 2 for comma
question mark is ? is dot 2, 6
upside down question mark or inverted ? is 2,6,7
Spanish Braille for Keyboard and JAWS
Lower Case Letters
á (lower case a, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then the letter a é (lower case e, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then the letter e í (lower case i, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then the letter i ó (lower case o, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then the letter o ú (lower case u, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then the letter u ñ (lower case n, tilde accent) = Press Ctrl + Shift + ~ (tilde), then the letter n ü (lower case u, diaeresis accent) = Press Ctrl + Shift + : (colon), then the letter u
Upper Case Letters
Á (upper case A, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then Shift + a É (upper case E, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then Shift + e Í (upper case I, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then Shift + i Ó (upper case O, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then Shift + o Ú (upper case U, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then Shift + u Ñ (upper case N, tilde accent) = Press Ctrl + Shift + ~ (tilde), then Shift + n Ü (upper case U, diaeresis accent) = Press Ctrl + Shift + : (colon), then Shift + u
Hasta la vista / Hasta luego. See you / See you later.
Hasta pronto. See you soon.
Hasta mañana. See you tomorrow.
(Muchas) Gracias.
Thank you (very much).
De nada. You’re welcome.
Bienvenidos Welcome
Lo siento I’m sorry
Con permiso / Perdón / Disculpe Excuse me / Pardon me
¡Vamos! Let’s go!
¿Cómo está usted? How are you? (formal)
¿Cómo estás? How are you? (informal)
Insert+4 for eacute in
¿Qué tal? How’s it going?
Bien / Muy bien Good / Very good
Insert+4 for acute in Más below
Mal / Muy mal / Más o menos Bad / Very bad / OK
Sí / No Yes / No
¿Cómo?
¿Cómo se llama usted? What is your name? (formal)
¿Cómo te llamas? What is your name? (informal)
Me llamo… / Mi nombre es… My name is…
Mucho gusto. / Encantado. Nice to meet you.
Immersion in Language
Here is the sequence of learning in order to learn any language well:
The time it takes to learn a new language, like Spanish, while living in a country where it is the only language spoken, depends on several factors. However, here are general timelines and considerations:
1. Immersion Benefits
Living in a Spanish-speaking country accelerates learning because you’re constantly exposed to the language in real-life situations like:
Listening: Conversations, TV, radio, and announcements.
Speaking: Daily interactions with locals, from shopping to asking for directions.
Reading and Writing: Street signs, menus, newspapers, and more.
2. Language Learning Proficiency Levels
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) breaks language learning into six levels:
A1 (Beginner): Basic phrases and conversations (3–6 months).
A2 (Elementary): Can understand simple texts and conversations (6–12 months).
B1 (Intermediate): Hold conversations on familiar topics and function in everyday life (12–18 months).
B2 (Upper Intermediate): Fluent in most situations, including work and travel (18 months–2 years).
C1 (Advanced): Understand complex topics and engage in nuanced conversation (2–3 years).
C2 (Proficient): Full mastery of the language, similar to a native speaker (3+ years).
Factors that will Determine Speed
3. Factors That Affect Learning Speed
Motivation and Attitude: Strong motivation and a positive mindset can accelerate your progress.
Practice Consistency: Daily practice, speaking, listening, and reading in Spanish speeds up learning.
Prior Language Experience: If you’re already familiar with Romance languages (e.g., Italian or French), learning Spanish might be faster due to similarities in vocabulary and grammar.
Formal Education: Taking classes, whether in person or online, and using language apps like Duolingo or Babbel can help structure your learning and improve your skills more quickly.
Social Interaction: Making friends who are native speakers or joining local groups can enhance your conversational abilities.
4. Realistic Expectations
– For basic conversational fluency (A2-B1), expect about 6 months to 1 year of immersion if you’re dedicated and practicing regularly.
– To reach an advanced level (C1), you might need 2 to 3 years of living and interacting in the language full-time.
5. Cultural Immersion
Your understanding of Spanish will deepen faster if you immerse yourself in the local culture, customs, and idiomatic expressions. Engaging in local activities, reading newspapers, and watching TV shows will all help you learn the language more organically.
Summary:
On average, 6 months to 1 year of immersion in a Spanish-speaking country should allow you to gain conversational fluency, with full mastery taking about 2–3 years, depending on your dedication and resources.
Adult Learning Speed
Sequence of learning for an adult
For adults, learning a new language like Spanish while living in a country where it’s the only language spoken can still be highly effective, but several factors can influence the timeline. Here’s what an adult learner can expect:
1. General Time frames for Adult Learners
Conversational fluency (A2-B1 level): Typically achievable in 6 months to 1 year of immersion.
Advanced proficiency (B2-C1 level): May take 1.5 to 2.5 years of consistent use and practice.
Full fluency (C2 level): Can take 3 years or more, depending on factors like exposure, practice, and language complexity.
2. Factors Affecting Adult Learning Speed
Cognitive Flexibility: Adults tend to be more methodical learners than children, but they can sometimes struggle with retaining new vocabulary and adapting to different grammar structures.
Prior Experience: If the adult already speaks a Romance language (like Italian or French), they will likely learn Spanish more quickly because of the structural similarities.
Learning Environment: The more opportunities for immersion—such as interacting with native speakers, engaging in cultural activities, and using Spanish in daily tasks—the faster the progress.
Language Learning Methods: Adults often benefit from a combination of formal learning (e.g., classes, tutors) and informal learning (e.g., conversations, media consumption).
Motivation and Consistency: Adults with clear goals and regular practice (even just 30 minutes a day) tend to progress faster. Maintaining consistent practice is key to long-term retention.
Challenges for Adult Learners
3. Challenges for Adult Learners
Accent and Pronunciation: Adults might find it harder to develop a native-like accent, though this doesn’t prevent them from becoming highly fluent.
Work and Life Responsibilities: Adults often juggle work and personal responsibilities, which can limit the time available for focused language learning.
Grammar: Grasping grammatical structures, verb conjugations, and nuances may take longer for adults compared to younger learners, who tend to absorb new patterns more intuitively.
4. Accelerating Adult Learning
Use Daily Immersion: Engage in conversations, read signs, watch TV shows, and use apps like Duolingo or Babbel to reinforce lessons in real-life situations.
Structured Learning: Enroll in Spanish classes or hire a tutor to build a strong foundation in vocabulary and grammar.
Use Technology: Utilize language-learning apps, podcasts, or online lessons. Watching Spanish media with subtitles can help you pick up common phrases and pronunciation.
– Join Social Circles: Engage with locals, participate in group activities, and use Spanish in daily interactions. This practical experience will help reinforce what you’ve learned.
– Set Realistic Goals: Adults benefit from having clear, incremental goals (e.g., mastering a certain level of vocabulary or holding a 10-minute conversation) to track progress and stay motivated.
Adult Experience
5. Common Experiences for Adults
After 3-6 months, most adults can hold basic conversations, ask for directions, and manage daily interactions in Spanish.
By 1 year, many can discuss familiar topics, navigate most social situations, and understand much of what they hear or read.
Within 2 years, a dedicated adult learner can likely achieve strong conversational fluency and understand complex topics, though nuances and slang may still be challenging.
Summary
For an adult, achieving conversational fluency in Spanish typically takes 6 months to 1 year with immersion and regular practice. Advanced proficiency may take 1.5 to 2.5 years, while full fluency could require 3 years or more, depending on the learner’s background, motivation, and exposure to the language.
Dr. Robinson and her Team at TechVision have made a significant global impact via their Team Mission and Purpose. TechVision specializes in 1:1 remote instruction in education for the blind and visually impaired, serving individuals of all ages. We also train School Teams: transcribers, Teachers of the Blind and other School Personal and work with parents. Their expertise is delivered through personalized, real-time 1:1 remote instruction. This approach empowers students and clients to compete equally with their sighted peers in both education and work.
Dr. Robinson demonstrates how to create and manipulate a parabola using the Desmos shaded parabolas using the graphing calculator. This process is specifically designed for blind and low vision students. She begins by typing an equation. Desmos automatically adds sliders, allowing the adjustment of the graph’s shape in real-time.
As Dr. Robinson runs the equation, the parabola expands, resembling the curve of a ball in motion. She explains the importance of embossing the graph so students can physically feel its structure on the XY plane. This tactile approach helps students understand mathematical concepts more concretely.
To enhance accessibility, Dr. Robinson uses the “Alt + T” command to activate the audio trace. This feature provides valuable auditory information about the graph. She also slows down the narration using “Control + Shift + Page Down,” ensuring clarity and comprehension.
Next, Dr. Robinson shares the graph with her students using the “Insert + F5” command. She exports the graph as a Braille-ready image, making it accessible for students who rely on tactile feedback. After downloading the image, she opens it in a photo editor to enhance contrast. This step ensures that the lines are clearly defined for the student.
Tiger Designer
Dr. Robinson then pastes the edited image of Desmos shaded parabolas into Tiger Designer, a software used to prepare tactile graphics for printing(emboss). Using “Control + P,” she embosses the graph on her ViewPlus embosser, allowing students to feel the parabola and compare it with what their sighted peers see.
This hands-on approach for STEM, ensures that blind students can fully participate in graphing activities. Dr. Robinson’s method integrates technology and tactile feedback, making math accessible and engaging. Through these steps, she empowers students to understand and interact with complex mathematical concepts. This demonstration showcases the effective use of Desmos and related tools to enhance learning for visually impaired students.
Student Hayes has issues completing math in WORD as her label number do not read. Dr. Robinson demonstrates how to resolve issues with auto-numbering in Word. She first identifies that automatic numbering is causing issues for the student using dot 2 and space in the Brailliant Braille display, especially when numbers appear incorrectly on the Braille display. To address this, she instructs to press “Alt + F” to open the File menu, followed by “T” for options, then “P” for proofing, and finally “Alt + A” to access AutoCorrect options.
She guides users through unchecking five specific boxes that affect text formatting, ensuring the correct settings are applied. Dr. Robinson emphasizes the importance of turning off automatic numbered lists, which often causes unexpected changes in documents.
After confirming the settings, she instructs on how to apply these changes by pressing “Enter” to save them. This step ensures the document is correctly formatted and ready for the student to use in MathKicker.AI.
Braille Viewer to accurately solve math problems
Next, Dr. Robinson advises turning on the Braille viewer. Using the Jaws context menu and U, to navigate to the utilities to access the Braille viewer. Braille viewer allows the teacher to view the math problems correctly on student screen in Braille. While student uses fingers to read display.
Then Dr. Robinson explains how to use the Math Viewer by pressing “Insert + Space + Equals.” This enables the student to navigate through the math content character by character. This command helps ensure accuracy in reading and solving math problems, especially when using Braille displays.
Finally, she explains how to open the Braille Math Editor now that auto numbering issues are resolved. Eventually, she will learn how to use split braille on her display. Student can braille equations in Nemeth code, and ensure that each step of the problem is correct to accurately solve math problems. Dr. Robinson highlights how the Math Editor will not accept incomplete or incorrect inputs. The student cannot close the editor without fixing errors. This method reinforces correct equation formatting. It ensures students accurately solve math problems using auditory and Braille math tools.
Dr. Robinson demonstrates how to solve multi-line algebra problems using the Braille Math Editor (BME) in JAWS with a braille display. She explains that this method is effective for any multi-line mathematics problem, where isolating variables like x is essential. To start, Dr. Robinson reviews the equation by moving through the text using the up arrow key. She listens to the equation read aloud by JAWS and then enters the Braille Math Editor in Word. This setup is key for mastering Braille Math in Word.
Specific Braille Commands to solve Multi-Line Algebra Problems
Dr. Robinson uses specific braille commands to navigate and edit the math content. She mentions that the transcriber typically uses Alt + Equals to ensure the math is perfectly formatted for the student. She also highlights the importance of using a braille display in Word to solve Braille Math problems. It allows users to follow the dots more easily compared to relying solely on auditory cues from JAWS, enhancing the experience of doing Algebra in Braille Math in Word.
Input commas to separate lines
As she progresses, Dr. Robinson inputs commas between steps to maintain clarity in the solution process. This practice enables her to review the steps effectively on the braille display. She demonstrates how to correct mistakes quickly using the arrow or router keys. Dr. Robinson explains the importance of using fraction marks and how specific commands help navigate fractions within BME in Word. Such details are part of mastering Braille Math in Word.
Toward the end, Dr. Robinson checks her work by moving up and down the lines in the document. She quickly identifies a mistake, corrects it, and emphasizes how easy it is to make corrections with this setup. Dr. Robinson advises students considering a math career to invest in a braille display with at least 40 cells. For the best experience, she recommends choosing a display with 80 cells, especially when working on Braille Math in Word.
In conclusion, Dr. Robinson effectively shows how to use the Braille Math Editor and JAWS to solve multi-line algebra problems. This method provides a clear and accessible way for blind students to engage in complex math tasks. It ensures both accuracy and efficiency in their work, showing the importance of mastering Braille Math in Word. Here is another student completing Math in the Braille Math Editor, then to advanced math in WORD to UEB Math.
Dr. Robinson demonstrates how to set up a Spanish language profile in JAWS for a perfect JAWS Spanish language setup. This focuses on accessibility for Spanish-speaking students or students learning a 2nd language. She begins by explaining the differences in braille capitalization across regions. In European countries, dot six is used for capitals, while the U.S. and other areas use dots four and six. The braille display must output the text correctly in Word to ensure accurate reading.
Dr. Robinson guides users through the JAWS settings and starts with inserting a language profile. She uses specific keyboard commands, such as “Insert 6,” to access the JAWS settings center. She emphasizes the importance of setting the default language to Spanish (Spain International). This ensures that the braille output is in Spanish Grade 1. After adjusting the settings, she double-checks everything in Word to confirm that the changes have held.
Next, Dr. Robinson explains how to switch between languages. She advises setting up multiple language profiles. This allows quick toggling between them using commands like “Ctrl+Shift+Windows+L” or specific braille display commands. She ensures that the students can easily switch between English and Spanish, making their work seamless and efficient. See all JAWS Spanish language Setups and other lessons here.
Throughout the setup, Dr. Robinson highlights the importance of using commands to add necessary braille dots for accurate translation. Adding dot eight ensures the correct representation of certain letters and punctuation marks. She demonstrates how to practice symbols and contractions on the braille display, ensuring students are comfortable with the layout.
Dr. Robinson mentions that a practice sheet with all the necessary symbols and contractions are available on website. The website, yourtechvision.com, offers this resource to help students reinforce their learning. This resource helps students reinforce their learning and practice braille accurately. With this setup, students can work efficiently in Word using JAWS. They will perform tasks just like their peers with the help of a Focus 40 braille display. Then progress to using this in Google Classroom
Setting up Spanish Braille using JAWS-enabled Braille display involves a few key steps. First, configure the Braille profile in JAWS by pressing Insert + 6 to open the settings center. Navigate to the Braille mode settings and select Spanish (Spain International) as the default language. This ensures the Braille output is in Spanish Grade 1. You can quickly switch between languages using Ctrl + Shift + Windows + L or specific Braille display commands. Additionally, practice using symbols and contractions on the Braille display to become comfortable with the layout. This setup allows visually impaired users to work efficiently in Spanish, ensuring accurate Braille representation and seamless integration with their tasks.
Spanish-Española 1. Jaws settings: Set up braille profile – insert 6 (ctrl shift D for default but after you complete these steps, open settings again, to make sure they hold for just Word settings) type “braille mode” down twice to hear it, F6, alt g to languages and setup your choices.
This lesson is Spain (international) Input and Output are Spanish Grade 1
2. Tab to profile languages and set those up and enter to close Jaws settings
3. Alt 8 to make sure dots 7,8 show on display-accept and close settings
1. Set up Voice profile in Jaws-open context menu, options, voices, add a profile
1. In Word-change voice quickly: 2 options: on keyboard- ctrl shift window L to change profile or on Focus -2,3,4,5,7, space to change languages)
2. Insert+ctrl+S to change to Spanish profile or to other language
3. G+7+space on Focus to computer braille (which will output Spanish grade 1)– capital is dot 7 under capital letter on display
Práctica:
á 1,2,3,5,6
é 2,3,4,6
í 3,4
ó 3,4,6
ú 2,3,4,5,6
ü 1,2,5,6,8
ñ 1,2,4,5,6, 8
Punctuation for Spanish Braille using JAWS
! 2,3,5, 7
inverted ! is 2,3,5, 7, 8
and
. is dot 3
and
, is dot 2
? is dot 2, 6
inverted ? is 2,6,7
on keyboard:
Lower Case Letters
á (lower case a, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then the letter a é (lower case e, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then the letter e í (lower case i, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then the letter i ó (lower case o, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then the letter o ú (lower case u, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then the letter u ñ (lower case n, tilde accent) = Press Ctrl + Shift + ~ (tilde), then the letter n ü (lower case u, diaeresis accent) = Press Ctrl + Shift + : (colon), then the letter u
Upper Case Letters
Á (upper case A, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then Shift + a É (upper case E, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then Shift + e Í (upper case I, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then Shift + i Ó (upper case O, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then Shift + o Ú (upper case U, acute accent) = Press Ctrl + ‘ (apostrophe), then Shift + u Ñ (upper case N, tilde accent) = Press Ctrl + Shift + ~ (tilde), then Shift + n Ü (upper case U, diaeresis accent) = Press Ctrl + Shift + : (colon), then Shift + u
